L’ esofago è un canale lungo circa 20-25 centimetri che collega la bocca allo stomaco .
Il suo rivestimento interno è costituito da un epitelio squamoso con cellule piatte, stratificate come tegole, che contribuiscono a difendere l’esofago dal passaggio del cibo e del possibile reflusso del cibo dallo stomaco.
Esternamente l’esofago è invece costituito da una tonaca muscolare che si contrae e si rilascia aritmicamente, dando luogo ai movimenti della peristalsi. La peristalsi favorisce lo scorrimento del cibo verso lo stomaco.
All’inizio e alla fine dello stomaco ci sono due valves or sphincters, which are released only when he has to pass the bolus . If the valve is released when it should not lower you can have gastro esophageal reflux, or a rise of acid or other material in the last section of the esophagus. A more intense
reflux can be supported both by the abundance of gastric secretions, and the assumption of certain positions (lying down or bending forward). The secretions can then go back to the upper portion of the esophagus or even in your throat, giving a feeling of acid and burning . The
acid secretions can also be inhaled into the respiratory structures (laringe, bronchi), dando luogo alle manifestazioni extra esofagee del reflusso ( tosse , asma ).
Quando si può parlare di malattia?
Una piccola quota di reflusso, specialmente gassoso, avviene in condizioni normali ( eruttazioni ), soprattutto dopo i pasti. I soggetti sani presentano una media di 1 fino a 4 episodi all’ora durante le 3 ore successive al pasto. Il reflusso dura pochi secondi, non più di 30.
Quando il fenomeno diventa più frequente e si accompagna a sintomi si può parlare di malattia .
Inizialmente il problema è controllabile con norme igienico-dietetiche . Without these rules the valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus ( lower sphincter) becomes less effective and the disease is stable and growing. In this case, we can produce erosive lesions or ulcers against the walls of the esophagus, and complications: the fabric, to defend themselves, by often can become thin and wrinkled, to resemble that of the intestine ( giving intestinal metaplasia).
intestinal metaplasia must be adequately controlled, it can be the first step toward cancer (adenocarcinoma ). To prevent such deterioration is need treatment with drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion (proton pump inhibitors ). The use of surgical therapy an occurrence is now much less frequent than before thanks to the effectiveness of such drugs.
Symptoms The classic symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux is the burning at the sternum ( heartburn) and acid regurgitation .
Less frequent is the chest pain (especially behind the breastbone), which can sometimes resemble a cardiac pain.
extra esophageal symptoms are of various types, such as chronic cough , the 'non-allergic asthma the hoarseness, sore throat the .
This effect may be particularly important if you see at night because it disturbs the sleep and affect the very quality of life .
This is something that occurs very often, the reflux is facilitated by the extended position of the body. Also, if there are erosive or ulcerative esophageal lesions, the symptoms may be the same or worse for the simultaneous presence of anemia or swallowing disorders or transit of the bolus (dysphagia ) which, if severe, result in a weight loss body.
Often, especially in elderly , there is also a non-specific symptoms, usually referred to as "indigestion " (annoying pain in the upper abdomen, early satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea, vomiting) , defined by the medical term for dyspepsia.
Drugs The drugs used are those that reduce acid secretion in the stomach. Once there were only mild medication, such as H2-antagonists or antacids today are mainly used to proton pump inhibitors ( PPI), that reduce the production of stomach acid and therefore the amount of acid available for reflux into the esophagus, relieving the symptoms and allow healing of the lesions, if present.
gastro esophageal reflux is a chronic problem , so for most of the patients required maintenance therapy can often take several months. PPI drugs normally are used at doses halved. In the case of severe injury, symptoms of complications or extra - it is appropriate to use the esophageal PPI full dose for long periods of time. The
prokinetics are not very effective. In fact, they improve the ability of stomach emptying and esophageal peristalsis only when there is also the dyspeptic symptoms.
What to do?
Modifications and food habits are quite effective in the early stages of the disease. In later stages, however, should go to the doctor who will decide if a drug delivery and anti-secretory therapy to effectively control the symptoms and treat injuries.
careful then :
1) WEIGHT LOSS if you are overweight, trying to maintain a healthy weight through a diet Mediterranean
2) DO BUSINESS 'regular exercise but not too intense, especially after meals;
3) Avoid tight clothes and belts LIFE IN;
4) DO NOT EXCEED IN MEALS, reduce fatty foods and eat slowly;
5) STOP SMOKING;
6) STOP drinking alcohol, reduce the wine, especially the white
7) Do not eat chocolate or any food that contains it;
8) Do not lie down or sleep after eating, but wait at least two hours;
9) SLEEPING WITH THE HEAD AND BUST SOME 'HIGH, possibly by inserting a thickness of 10 cm or more below the front legs of the bed;
10) SEE YOUR DOCTOR if you realize that you have the classic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux warning: anemia, digestive bleeding, chest pain, dysphagia, sleep disorders, weight loss unjustified).
Il suo rivestimento interno è costituito da un epitelio squamoso con cellule piatte, stratificate come tegole, che contribuiscono a difendere l’esofago dal passaggio del cibo e del possibile reflusso del cibo dallo stomaco.
Esternamente l’esofago è invece costituito da una tonaca muscolare che si contrae e si rilascia aritmicamente, dando luogo ai movimenti della peristalsi. La peristalsi favorisce lo scorrimento del cibo verso lo stomaco.
All’inizio e alla fine dello stomaco ci sono due valves or sphincters, which are released only when he has to pass the bolus . If the valve is released when it should not lower you can have gastro esophageal reflux, or a rise of acid or other material in the last section of the esophagus. A more intense
reflux can be supported both by the abundance of gastric secretions, and the assumption of certain positions (lying down or bending forward). The secretions can then go back to the upper portion of the esophagus or even in your throat, giving a feeling of acid and burning . The
acid secretions can also be inhaled into the respiratory structures (laringe, bronchi), dando luogo alle manifestazioni extra esofagee del reflusso ( tosse , asma ).
Quando si può parlare di malattia?
Una piccola quota di reflusso, specialmente gassoso, avviene in condizioni normali ( eruttazioni ), soprattutto dopo i pasti. I soggetti sani presentano una media di 1 fino a 4 episodi all’ora durante le 3 ore successive al pasto. Il reflusso dura pochi secondi, non più di 30.
Quando il fenomeno diventa più frequente e si accompagna a sintomi si può parlare di malattia .
Inizialmente il problema è controllabile con norme igienico-dietetiche . Without these rules the valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus ( lower sphincter) becomes less effective and the disease is stable and growing. In this case, we can produce erosive lesions or ulcers against the walls of the esophagus, and complications: the fabric, to defend themselves, by often can become thin and wrinkled, to resemble that of the intestine ( giving intestinal metaplasia).
intestinal metaplasia must be adequately controlled, it can be the first step toward cancer (adenocarcinoma ). To prevent such deterioration is need treatment with drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion (proton pump inhibitors ). The use of surgical therapy an occurrence is now much less frequent than before thanks to the effectiveness of such drugs.
Symptoms The classic symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux is the burning at the sternum ( heartburn) and acid regurgitation .
Less frequent is the chest pain (especially behind the breastbone), which can sometimes resemble a cardiac pain.
extra esophageal symptoms are of various types, such as chronic cough , the 'non-allergic asthma the hoarseness, sore throat the .
This effect may be particularly important if you see at night because it disturbs the sleep and affect the very quality of life .
This is something that occurs very often, the reflux is facilitated by the extended position of the body. Also, if there are erosive or ulcerative esophageal lesions, the symptoms may be the same or worse for the simultaneous presence of anemia or swallowing disorders or transit of the bolus (dysphagia ) which, if severe, result in a weight loss body.
Often, especially in elderly , there is also a non-specific symptoms, usually referred to as "indigestion " (annoying pain in the upper abdomen, early satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating, nausea, vomiting) , defined by the medical term for dyspepsia.
Drugs The drugs used are those that reduce acid secretion in the stomach. Once there were only mild medication, such as H2-antagonists or antacids today are mainly used to proton pump inhibitors ( PPI), that reduce the production of stomach acid and therefore the amount of acid available for reflux into the esophagus, relieving the symptoms and allow healing of the lesions, if present.
gastro esophageal reflux is a chronic problem , so for most of the patients required maintenance therapy can often take several months. PPI drugs normally are used at doses halved. In the case of severe injury, symptoms of complications or extra - it is appropriate to use the esophageal PPI full dose for long periods of time. The
prokinetics are not very effective. In fact, they improve the ability of stomach emptying and esophageal peristalsis only when there is also the dyspeptic symptoms.
What to do?
Modifications and food habits are quite effective in the early stages of the disease. In later stages, however, should go to the doctor who will decide if a drug delivery and anti-secretory therapy to effectively control the symptoms and treat injuries.
careful then :
1) WEIGHT LOSS if you are overweight, trying to maintain a healthy weight through a diet Mediterranean
2) DO BUSINESS 'regular exercise but not too intense, especially after meals;
3) Avoid tight clothes and belts LIFE IN;
4) DO NOT EXCEED IN MEALS, reduce fatty foods and eat slowly;
5) STOP SMOKING;
6) STOP drinking alcohol, reduce the wine, especially the white
7) Do not eat chocolate or any food that contains it;
8) Do not lie down or sleep after eating, but wait at least two hours;
9) SLEEPING WITH THE HEAD AND BUST SOME 'HIGH, possibly by inserting a thickness of 10 cm or more below the front legs of the bed;
10) SEE YOUR DOCTOR if you realize that you have the classic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux warning: anemia, digestive bleeding, chest pain, dysphagia, sleep disorders, weight loss unjustified).
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